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DEET (N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide) is commonly used as an active ingredient in insect repellents ( Hansen et al., 2014 Xu et al., 2014). Currently, only a small number of active ingredients in a large number of different commercially available formulations are widely used to protect humans from mosquitoes and other blood-sucking arthropods. Reducing the number of host-vector interactions is an effective way to reduce the spread of vector-borne diseases.

Chemicals that elicit such responses are termed mosquito repellents. Olfactory receptor agonists as well as antagonists can impede the mosquito’s sense of smell and interrupt host-seeking behavior. Many of these attractants, for example CO 2, organic acids, and aldehydes, have been identified and linked to specific receptor proteins ( Beever, 2006 Chen & Luetje, 2014 Dong et al., 2013 Gopal & Kannabiran, 2013 Jones et al., 2012 Kumar et al., 2013 Nichols, Chen & Luetje, 2011 Suh, Bohbot & Zwiebel, 2014 Taylor et al., 2012 Turner et al., 2014 Xu et al., 2014). A battery of specific odorant receptors expressed in odorant receptor neurons within the antennae of mosquitoes enables them to detect a variety of chemical clues that are emitted by the host ( Bohbot et al., 2007 Carey et al., 2010). The host-seeking behavior of mosquitoes as well as many other hematophagous arthropods depends heavily on their sense of smell. Developing countries in tropical and subtropical regions bear the greatest burden with the majority of fatalities being young children ( Snow et al., 2005). Mosquito-transmitted diseases put hundreds of millions of people at risk and still kill more than half a million people every year despite immense international efforts to combat them ( Newby et al., 2016).

These pathogens are taken up from one host and transmitted to another during the process of blood feeding.

The pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes are quite diverse and include protozoans, arboviruses, and filarial nematodes ( Fredericks & Fernandez-Sesma, 2014 Marquardt, 2004). Mosquitoes are vectors for infectious diseases that cause widespread epidemics and human morbidity ( Brower, 2001).

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